Understanding Hyperpigmentation: Dark Spots, Causes and Care

What is hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation is when patches of skin look darker than the surrounding area, caused by extra melanin. Common types include sun spots, post-acne marks and melasma.

What causes it

• Sun exposure: the biggest driver of dark spots.
• Post-inflammatory marks: left behind after acne or irritation.
• Hormonal changes: can cause melasma, often on the cheeks and forehead.

Ingredients that help fade the look of dark spots

• Vitamin C: a brightening antioxidant for daytime use.
• Niacinamide: helps even the look of tone.
• Alpha arbutin and kojic acid: targeted brightening ingredients.

The golden rule

None of these work without daily sunscreen — sun exposure undoes progress and deepens existing spots. SPF is the most important step for anyone tackling pigmentation.

Build a brightening routine

Pair a brightening serum with a daily sunscreen. For stubborn melasma, a dermatologist can guide stronger options.